Reporting on Extended Minerals in Your Supply Chain 报告您的供应链中的延伸矿产

Understanding Extended Minerals
理解延伸矿物

What are extended minerals?
什么是延伸矿产？

Extended minerals are used to manufacture everyday products, such as electronics, paint, and automotive parts. Unfortunately, these minerals are often mined in high-risk regions, perpetuating armed conflict and human rights abuses. A lack of responsible sourcing regulations targeting extended minerals makes ethical sourcing difficult.
延伸矿产用于制造日常用品，如电子产品、油漆和汽车零部件。不幸的是，这些矿产通常在高风险地区开采，导致武装冲突和人权侵犯。缺乏针对延伸矿产的负责任采购法规，使得道德采购变得困难。

Cobalt  钴

The European Union (EU) and the United States (U.S.) classify cobalt as a Critical Raw Material. Cobalt is an important mineral for technological development due to its natural qualities, like resilience to heat and hardness. It is predominantly used in electronic devices (like smartphones and laptops) and batteries. Most significantly, cobalt is crucial in manufacturing lithium-ion batteries (rechargeable batteries), which are growing in demand as the need for energy storage and zero-emissions increases, and critical to the future of sustainable energy sources.
欧洲联盟（EU）和美国（U.S.）将钴列为关键原材料。钴因其天然特性，如耐热性和硬度，对技术发展至关重要。它主要用于电子设备（如智能手机和笔记本电脑）和电池。最重要的是，钴在制造锂离子电池（可充电电池）中至关重要，随着对储能和零排放的需求增加，锂离子电池的需求也在增长，这对可持续能源的未来至关重要。

Mica  云母

Mica is a group of 37 minerals similar in physical structure and chemical makeup. Identified as sheet silicates, micas are structured in thin, distinguishable layers that are flexible, light, and soft. They are known for their heat resistance and electrical conductivity and are mined in sheets or flakes. Ground mica is used as a filler or extender in wallboard joint compounds, paint, drilling “muds,” plastic, automotive parts, cosmetic products, cement, and asphalt. Sheet mica is used in the electronic and electrical industries. Usefulness in insulation and heat resistance drives high demand for mica, especially when used in electronics.
云母是一组 37 种矿物，其物理结构和化学成分相似。被识别为层状硅酸盐，云母以薄而可辨别的层状结构存在，具有柔韧、轻便和柔软的特点。它们以耐热性和导电性而闻名，通常以薄片或鳞片的形式开采。磨碎的云母被用作墙板接缝化合物、油漆、钻井“泥浆”、塑料、汽车零部件、化妆品产品、水泥和沥青的填充剂或增塑剂。薄片云母用于电子和电气行业。在绝缘和耐热性方面的用途推动了云母的高需求，尤其是在电子产品中的应用。

Copper  铜

Copper is a highly conductive metal, making it indispensable in a wide array of electrical applications, including wiring systems, electric motors, and industrial equipment such as heat exchangers. In the construction industry, copper is commonly used for roofing, plumbing, and other architectural elements due to its durability and resistance to corrosion. Beyond its metallic form, copper is frequently combined with other elements to create alloys used in coinage and armament components, such as gun metals. In the realm of chemistry and agriculture, copper compounds like copper sulfate serve practical purposes as fungicides, algicides, and diagnostic agents in sugar detection tests.
铜是一种高度导电的金属，因此在各种电气应用中不可或缺，包括电线系统、电动机和工业设备，如热交换器。在建筑行业中，由于铜的耐腐蚀性和耐用性，它通常用于屋顶、管道和其他建筑元素。除了其金属形态外，铜还常与其他元素结合，形成用于铸币和武器组件的合金，如枪金属。在化学和农业领域，铜化合物如硫酸铜在杀菌剂、藻类杀灭剂和糖检测测试中的诊断剂等方面具有实际用途。

Graphite (Natural)  石墨（天然）

Natural graphite is an essential industrial mineral known for its exceptional thermal stability and electrical conductivity. These characteristics make it particularly valuable in the steel manufacturing process, where it is used in refractory materials that line the interiors of blast furnaces, ladles, and crucibles. Its ability to withstand extreme temperatures and chemical exposure makes graphite crucial for maintaining the integrity and efficiency of high-temperature industrial operations.
天然石墨是一种重要的工业矿物，以其卓越的热稳定性和电导率而闻名。这些特性使其在钢铁制造过程中特别有价值，因为它被用于制造耐高温材料，这些材料衬在炼铁高炉、铁水包和坩埚的内壁。它能够承受极端温度和化学腐蚀，这对于保持高温工业操作的完整性和效率至关重要。

Lithium  锂

Lithium is a lightweight, reactive metal that plays a pivotal role in modern technology. It is most prominently used in lithium-ion rechargeable batteries, which power an extensive range of devices—from smartphones and laptops to electric vehicles. In addition to energy storage, lithium contributes to the production of ceramics and glass, enhancing both thermal resistance and structural strength. Its versatility extends further into specialty applications, including lubricants, pharmaceutical formulations, and food additives, where it serves functional and stabilizing roles.
锂是一种轻质、活泼的金属，在现代技术中扮演着关键角色。它最广泛用于锂离子可充电电池，为从智能手机和笔记本电脑到电动汽车等各种设备提供动力。除了储能之外，锂还用于陶瓷和玻璃的生产，提高了其热阻力和结构强度。其多功能性还扩展到特种应用，包括润滑剂、制药配方和食品添加剂，在这些应用中，它发挥着功能和稳定的作用。

Nickel  镍

Nickel is a multifunctional metal widely utilized across industrial and consumer sectors. It is a fundamental ingredient in the production of stainless steel and advanced alloys, where it imparts enhanced strength, resistance to corrosion, and high-temperature stability. Nickel also plays a key role in battery technologies, particularly in those used for electric vehicles. Its additional uses range from coinage and jewelry to everyday items such as cookware and personal care products. Trace amounts of nickel are naturally present in various food sources as well.
镍是一种多功能金属，广泛应用于工业和消费领域。它是生产不锈钢和高级合金的基本成分，其中镍赋予其增强的强度、耐腐蚀性和高温稳定性。镍还在电池技术中扮演着关键角色，尤其是在电动汽车所使用的电池中。镍的其它用途包括货币、珠宝以及日常用品，如厨具和个人护理产品。各种食品来源中自然存在微量的镍。

Why is extended mineral mining a problem?
为什么扩展矿产开采是个问题？

Extended mineral mining is problematic due to the natural abundance of these minerals in conflict-affected and high-risk areas (CAHRAS). CAHRAS are vulnerable to exploitation by armed groups and are at high risk of community degradation. People in these areas often fall victim to forced labor and child labor under hazardous working conditions. In extreme cases, entire communities are forced into modern slavery with no way out of poverty, except into the mines. The growing demand for technology in several industries continues to drive demand for extended minerals.
扩展矿产开采之所以有问题，是因为这些矿产在冲突影响和高风险地区（CAHRAS）中自然丰富。CAHRAS 容易受到武装组织的剥削，且面临社区退化的高风险。这些地区的人们常常成为强制劳动和童工的受害者，在危险的工作条件下工作。在极端情况下，整个社区被迫陷入现代奴隶制，除了进入矿山外，没有摆脱贫困的方法。对技术需求的不断增长继续推动了对扩展矿产的需求。

Cobalt mining  钴矿开采

Cobalt mining creates significant problems in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Holding more than 50% of the world's cobalt reserves, the DRC is the leading cobalt producer worldwide, but the cobalt mining industry has harmed its landscape and communities. Cobalt is dangerous for humans to touch and inhale, resulting in inhumane working conditions. Most people mining cobalt in the DRC have no alternative options for work, often imposed upon by armed groups aiming to make a profit. These individuals, often young children, are forced to work in toxic pits, suffering horrible injuries or death due to cave-ins. Areas near mines are also plagued by poor air quality and water contamination, which affects local communities.
刚果民主共和国的钴矿开采造成了重大问题。拥有全球超过 50%的钴储备，刚果是世界上最大的钴生产国，但钴矿开采业已经破坏了其景观和社区。钴对人类接触和吸入都是危险的，导致不人道的工作条件。在刚果开采钴的大多数人没有其他工作选择，通常是被武装团体强迫，目的是为了谋取利润。这些个体，通常是年轻儿童，被迫在有毒的坑洞中工作，因坍塌而遭受严重伤害或死亡。矿区附近的地区也受到空气质量差和水污染的困扰，这影响了当地社区。

Mica mining  云母矿开采

Mica mining is heavily associated with child labor, especially in India and Madagascar. These countries are the largest producers of mica worldwide and are linked to illegal mining using children. Communities near mica mines in India, specifically Bihar and Jharkhand, often suffer from extreme poverty, weak governance, and food insecurity. Due to the lack of regulations in these areas, the exploitation of children and adults is common. In Madagascar, children make up half of the workers building mica mines and extracting the minerals.
云母开采与童工现象密切相关，尤其是在印度和马达加斯加。这两个国家是全球最大的云母生产国，与使用童工的非法采矿活动有关。印度云母矿附近的社区，特别是比哈尔邦和达拉特南德邦，常常遭受极端贫困、治理薄弱和粮食不安全的问题。由于这些地区缺乏监管，儿童和成人的剥削现象普遍存在。在马达加斯加，一半的矿工是儿童，他们负责建造云母矿和开采矿物。

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